As climate hazards grow more extreme and biodiversity loss accelerates, countries like Indonesia face urgent pressure to build resilience while pursuing economic growth. Indonesia, a biodiversity hotspot with significant carbon stocks, must expand infrastructure to improve livelihoods and access to services for millions living in poverty. However, planning and constructing roads, railways, and other development must prioritize sustainability and climate resilience to protect ecosystems, mitigate risks, and ensure long-term prosperity in the face of worsening climate risks.