A guide for Nature-based Solutions in the Nordics

The world is currently facing a biodiversity and climate crisis which are globally interlinked. Nature-based solutions (NbS) is part of the solution to these challenges. NbS encompass different actions spanning protection, sustainable use, and restoration of ecosystems to solve societal challenges such as biodiversity loss, food security, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. As such, NbSs are highlighted by both the UN, IPBES and IPCC as a cost-effective way of meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. One of the main points of NbS is that they are implemented to meet societal challenges. In this report we focus on several societal challenges and how NbS can address them. We also focus on six ecosystem types and how NbS can be implemented in these: coastal, cultural landscapes, forests, mountains, urban, and freshwater ecosystems including rivers, lakes and wetlands.